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The effect of sequence variability between different types of hepatitis C virus (HCV) on the antigenicity of the NS-4 protein was investigated by epitope mapping and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with branched oligopeptides. Epitope mapping of the region between amino acid residues 1679 and 1768 in the HCV polyprotein revealed two major antigenic regions (1961 to 1708 and 1710 to 1728) that were recognized by antibody elicited upon natural infection of HCV. The antigenic regions were highly variable between variants of HCV, with only 50 to 60% amino acid sequence similarity between types 1, 2, and 3. Although limited serological cross-reactivity between HCV types was detected between peptides, particularly in the first antigenic region of NS-4, type-specific reactivity formed the principal component of the natural humoral immune response to NS-4. Type-specific antibody to particular HCV types was detected in 89% of the samples from anti-HCV-positive blood donors and correlated almost exactly with genotypic analysis of HCV sequences amplified from the samples by polymerase chain reaction. Whereas almost all blood donors appeared to be infected with a single virus type (97%), a higher proportion of samples (40%) from hemophiliacs infected from transfusion of non-heat-inactivated clotting factor contained antibody to two or even all three HCV types, providing evidence that long-term exposure may lead to multiple infection with different variants of HCV.

Type

Journal article

Journal

J Clin Microbiol

Publication Date

06/1993

Volume

31

Pages

1493 - 1503

Keywords

Amino Acid Sequence, Antibody Specificity, Antigens, Viral, Base Sequence, Consensus Sequence, DNA, Viral, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Epitopes, Hepacivirus, Hepatitis Antibodies, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis C Antibodies, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Peptide Mapping, Peptides, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Viral Nonstructural Proteins