Reduction of invasive pneumococcal disease 3 years after the introduction of the 13-valent conjugate vaccine in the Oxfordshire region of England.
Moore CE., Paul J., Foster D., Mahar SA., Griffiths D., Knox K., Peto TE., Walker AS., Crook DW., Oxford Invasive Pneumococcal Surveillance Group None.
BACKGROUND: The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate (PCV7) vaccine's impact on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is well described, but few reports exist on the additional impact of the 13-valent vaccine (PCV13). METHODS: We calculated the IPD incidence across all ages in a surveillance project following implementation of PCV7 (in September 2006) and PCV13 (in April 2010) in children aged <2 years (11 hospitals; 4935 cases). RESULTS: The overall incidence decreased from 10 cases/100 000 persons per year in 1996-1997 to 8 cases/100 000 persons per year in 2007-2008 and 7 cases/100 000 in 2012-2013. Declines were greater in children aged <2 years (from 37 cases/100 000 in 1996-1997 to 29 and 14 cases/100 000 in 2007-2008 and 2012-2013, respectively). The incidence of IPD due to PCV7 serotypes decreased in all ages after PCV7 introduction (P < .001), whereas the incidence of IPD due to the additional 6 serotypes in PCV13 and to nonvaccine types (NVTs) increased in children aged ≥2 years (P < .001 for both comparisons). The incidence of IPD due to the 6 additional serotypes in PCV13 declined significantly after PCV13 introduction in all ages (P ≤ .01), and the incidence of IPD due to NVTs declined significantly in children aged ≥2 years (P = .003). In 2011-2013, the overall incidences of IPD due to PCV7 serotypes, the 6 additional serotypes in PCV13, and NVTs were 0.3, 2.8, and 4.4 cases/100 000; the incidences among children aged <2 years were 0.9, 2.4, and 10.8 cases/100 000, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The annual incidence of IPD due to vaccine serotypes (1-3 cases/100 000) among children aged <2 years and nontarget groups demonstrates the success of PCV7 and PCV13. A substantially higher incidence of IPD due to NVTs indicates the importance of ongoing surveillance and extension of vaccine polyvalency.