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Macrolides reduce exacerbations when added to inhaled therapy in severe asthma. However, there is little published evidence for effectiveness in patients treated with biologics. We conducted a retrospective audit of all patients who started azithromycin while on biologics in our centre. Compared with those that did not start azithromycin, these individuals had more exacerbations and a phenotype of chronic bronchitis and/or frequent purulent exacerbations. The addition of azithromycin to biologics was associated with reduced annual rates of steroid-treated and antibiotic-treated exacerbations and improved symptom scores (Asthma Control Questionnaire-5) but not with any improvement in lung function. Data support testing azithromycin in clinical trials in patients on biologics with residual exacerbations.

Original publication

DOI

10.1136/thorax-2024-221977

Type

Journal

Thorax

Publication Date

12/2024

Addresses

Respiratory Medicine Unit and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.