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The response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been hampered by lack of an effective severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antiviral therapy. Here we report the use of remdesivir in a patient with COVID-19 and the prototypic genetic antibody deficiency X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA). Despite evidence of complement activation and a robust T cell response, the patient developed persistent SARS-CoV-2 pneumonitis, without progressing to multi-organ involvement. This unusual clinical course is consistent with a contribution of antibodies to both viral clearance and progression to severe disease. In the absence of these confounders, we take an experimental medicine approach to examine the in vivo utility of remdesivir. Over two independent courses of treatment, we observe a temporally correlated clinical and virological response, leading to clinical resolution and viral clearance, with no evidence of acquired drug resistance. We therefore provide evidence for the antiviral efficacy of remdesivir in vivo, and its potential benefit in selected patients.

Original publication

DOI

10.1038/s41467-020-19761-2

Type

Journal article

Journal

Nature communications

Publication Date

14/12/2020

Volume

11

Addresses

Department of Clinical Immunology, Barts Health, London, UK. m.buckland@ucl.ac.uk.

Keywords

CITIID-NIHR COVID-19 BioResource Collaboration, MRC-Toxicology Unit COVID-19 Consortium, Humans, Fever, Alanine, Adenosine Monophosphate, Antiviral Agents, Lymphocyte Count, Treatment Outcome, Adult, Male, Immunity, Humoral, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2