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We have shown previously that neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are important contributors to the long-term immune control of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, particularly if cytotoxic T cell responses are low or absent. Nevertheless, virus escape from the nAb response due to mutations within the surface glycoprotein gene may subsequently allow the virus to persist. Here we show that most of the antibody-escape viral mutants retain their immunogenicity. We present evidence that the failure of the infected host to mount effective humoral responses against emerging neutralization-escape mutants correlates with the rapid loss of CD4(+) T cell responsiveness during the establishment of viral persistence. Similar mechanisms may contribute to the persistence of some human pathogens such as hepatitis B and C viruses, and human immunodeficiency virus.

Type

Journal article

Journal

J Exp Med

Publication Date

05/02/2001

Volume

193

Pages

297 - 305

Keywords

Animals, Antibodies, Viral, Antigens, Viral, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Cell Line, Chronic Disease, Cricetinae, Genetic Variation, Glycoproteins, Humans, Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Transgenic, Neutralization Tests, Point Mutation, Viral Proteins